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\title{¨Ï¥Î¹q¦À¨Ñ¹qªº Linux Mini-HOWTO (°g§AHOWTO)}
\author{§@ªÌ: Hanno Mueller,
{\ttfamily \onlynameurl{hanno@lava.de}}
{\ttfamily \onlynameurl{http://www.lava.de/\~{}hanno/}}\\ 
Ä¶ªÌ: ÁÂ±X¤¤ HSIEH Kun-Chung, ¥xÆW ¤¤µØ¥Á°ê Taiwan, Republic of China (not People's Republic of China)
{\ttfamily \onlynameurl{linuxer.bbs@cis.nctu.edu.tw}}}
\date{1997¦~12¤ë21¤é}
\abstract{¥»¤å¥ó¦®¦b´y­z¦p¦ó¥H½Õ¾ã  Linux ¨t²Îªº¬Y¨Ç³]©w¨Ó´î¤Ö¨t²Îªº¹q·½®ø¯Ó¡C ³o¹ï¨º¨Ç¨Ï¥Î¥iÄâ¦¡¹q¸£¨t²Îªº Linux ¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¨Ó»¡ÆZ¦³§U¯qªº¡CùØ­±ÁÙ¦³¤@¨ÇÃö©ó¦p¦ó·ÓÅU±zªº¹q¦Àªº¸ê°T¡C ¦pªG§A¦b®à¤W«¬¹q¸£¤W¨Ï¥Î  Linux
¡A¤]³\§A¨Ã¤£»Ý­nÅª³o¨Ç¡C}


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\item Grant Taylor ¦³­Óµ¹·Q­n¤É¯Å¨t²Îªº¤H¤@­Ó¤p¯µ³Z:`` ¦³¨Ç¥i¤É¯Åªº¤¸¥ó
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GB IDE µwºÐ´N¤ñ­ì¥»§Ú¨Ï¥Îªº 500 MB Toshiba µwºÐ¤Ö¬ù 20\% ªº¯Ó¹q¶q¡C
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¤Å¶R¤@¥x¦³ L2 §Ö¨úªº¾÷ºØ¡C ¤@¥x¦³ L2 §Ö¨úªº¹q¸£¤ñ¨S¦³ªº§Ö¬ù 10\% ¨ì
20\%¡A ³o¹ï¦h´CÅéÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡©M¤j¶q¼Æ­È¹Bºâ¨Ó»¡¬O«Ü¦nªº¡A¦ý¬O¥¦·|®ø¯Ó«Ü
¦h¹q¶q¡CBjoern Kriews §i¶D§Ú»¡¥L¦³¨â­Ó¤@¼Ò¤@¼Ëªºµ§°O¹q¸£¡A¨S¦³§Ö¨ú
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\item ¥t¥~¤@­Ó¯µ³Z¬O¶Rµ§°O¹q¸£¤d¸U¤£­n¶R³Ì·s¡B³Ì§Öªº CPU ¾÷ºØ¡C ³q±`¦Ñ¤@
¥Nªº¾÷ºØ·|³Q»s³y°Óº¥º¥³Ì¨Î¤Æ¡C ©¹©¹ `` ·s '' ªºÂÂ CPU «¬¸¹·|¤ñ¤W¤@
¥Nªº¦P²£«~²£¥Í§ó¤Öªº¼ö¶q¥H¤Î®ø¯Ó§ó¤Öªº¹q·½¡C

ÁÙ¦³¤@¨Ç¦Û§ä³Â·Ðªºµ§°O¹q¸£¥¦­Ì¨Ï¥Î¤F¨Ã¤£¬O¹ï¥iÄâ¦¡¨t²Î³Ì¨Î¿ï¾Üªº
CPU¡C ¦b§Ú¼g³o¥÷¸ê®Æªº 1997 ¦~ 5 ¤ë¡A³Ì·s¤@¥Nªº pentium-200 µ§°O¹q
¸£ªº¹q¦À¥u¯à¶]¬ù  20  ¤ÀÄÁ¡A ¦Ó¥B²£¥Íªº°ª·Å³£¥i¿N¶Ë§Aªº¤j»L¤F¡C ¦b
1997 ¦~ 10 ¤ë¼g³o¥÷¤å¥óªº²Ä 2 ¦¸§ïª©®É¡Apentium-233 µ§°O¹q¸£¦b¤£¨Ï
¥Î¥æ¬y¹q·½ªºª¬ºA¤U¥i¶] 2 ­Ó¤p®É©Î§óªøªº®É¶¡¡C·Q·Q§a¡C





\end{itemize}


¦n§a¡A§A¤wª¾¹D³o¨ÇÂI¤l¡C¤j³¡¥÷³o¨Ç³£¬O­­¨î³o­­¨î¨ºªº¡A¤]³\¤wÅý§A°±
¤î¦b§Aªº Linux ¨t²Î¤W°µ¥ô¦ó¸û­«­nªº¤u§@¤F¡C(³Ì¦nªº¨Ï¥Î¹q¦Àªº¬Ù¹q¤è
ªk¬O... ¤°»ò³£¤£­n°µºâ¤F¡C³o¼Ë¥i¥H¼W¥[§Úªºµ§°O¹q¸£¹q¦Àªº¨Ï¥Î®É¶¡¨ì
100\%¡C)



¦]¦¹¡AÅý§Ú­ÌÄ~Äò¬Ý¨ä¥L§ó¦³¥Îªº¤èªk¦b¤£¥´ÂZ§Aªº¤u§@ªºª¬ºA¤U¸`¬Ù¯à·½
¡C






\section{¥ý¶i¯à·½ºÞ²z APM}



¤j³¡¥÷ªº¥iÄâ¦¡¨t²Î¡A©Î¬Æ¦Ü«Ü¦h®à¤W«¬¹q¸£³£¦³¤ä´© APM¡A¥ý¶i¯à·½ºÞ²z
¬[ºc¡C ¥»³¹¸`¦b½Í¦p¦ó¦b§Aªº Linux ®Ö¤ß¤º±Ò°Ê APM ªº¤ä´©¡C ¨º¨Ç¨Ï¥Î
Linux «Ü¦³¸gÅçªº¤H¥i¯à·|Ä±±o¥»³¹¸`«ÜµL²á¦Ó·Q­n¸õ¨ì¤U¤@³¹¸`¡C






\subsection{APM ¯à¬°§A°µ¤°»ò¨Æ?}



§Ú¤£·Q¦b³o¨à¸Ô²Ó½Í³o­ÓÃD¥Ø¡A½Ð¬Ý¬Ý¦b {\ttfamily \onlynameurl{http://www.cs.utexas.edu/users/kharker/linux-laptop/apm.html }} ¤ºªº {\itshape Linux APM ÅX°Êµ{¦¡ºô­¶ \/} ¦³¸Ô²Óªº¸ê°T¡C§A©Ò»Ý­nª¾
¹Dªº¬O¡A¦³¤F APM ªº¨ó§U¡A·í¨S¦³Ô£»ò¨Æ­n°µ®É CPU ¥i¥H§i¶D BIOS ¨ÓÅý
BIOS ´x±±¥¦¦Ûªº¸`¬Ù¯à·½±¹¬I¡A¤ñ¦p»¡Ä~Äò°Ê§@®É¡Abios ·|¦Û¤v­t³d³¡¥÷
ªº¯à·½¸`¬Ù¡Ð¨Ò¦p¡A­°§C CPU ®É¯ß¡BÃö³¬µwºÐ¡BÃö±¼¿Ã¹õªº­I¥úµ¥µ¥¡C



Apm ÁÙ­t³d `` ¨t²ÎÄa¸m '' (©ÎºÙ `` ºÎÄ± '') ¼Ò¦¡¥H¤Î `` Äa¸m¨ìºÏºÐ
'' (©ÎºÙ `` ¥V¯v '') ¼Ò¦¡¡C ¥t¤@«Ü´Îªº¯SÂI¡AÁöµM¨Ã¤£¬O«Ü­«­n¡A¦ý¦]
¬° apm ªº¨ó§U¡A{\ttfamily shutdown -h} ¨Ã¤£¤î·|°±¤î§Aªº¨t²Î¦Ó¥BÁÙ·|±N¥¦µ¹
Ãö¾÷®@! 



(ÃD¥~¸Ü¡A  ¤j³¡¥÷ªº  Linux  ¨t²Î±N  {\ttfamily shutdown   -r}  ©ñ¦b¥¦­Ìªº
{\ttfamily /etc/inittab} ¤º¡A¥Î°µ¹ï¬M¨ì«ö¨ì control-alt-delete ²Õ¦XÁä
®É°Ê§@¡C §Ú¸û³ßÅw±N {\ttfamily shutdown -h} ©ñ¦b³o¨à¡A ©Ò¥H·í§Ú­Ì«ö¤F³o­Ó
CTL+ALT+DEL ²Õ¦XÁä®É¡A§Úªºµ§°O¹q¸£´N¥uÂ²³æ¦a±N¥¦¦Û¤vÃö¾÷¡C)



¨Ã¤£¬O©Ò¦³ªº»s³y°Ó³]­p¤F¥¿½Tªº apm bios¡A ¤]¦]¦¹¦³¨Çµ§°O¹q¸£¦b¨Ï¥Î
Linux apm ÅX°Êµ{¦¡®É·|¦³¨Ç³Â·Ð¡C(¦pªG§Aªº¾÷¾¹¦b¨Ï¥Î apm ®É¦³°ÝÃD¡A
¤j³¡¥÷·|¦b Linux ±Ò°Ê®É©Î±qÄa¸m­«ªð®É·|¦³Âê¦í¤£°Êªº±¡§Î )¡C ¦pªG§A
¨Ã¤£½T©w¡A½ÐÀËµø Linux µ§°O¹q¸£ºô­¶¤¤¦³Ãö§Aªº¹q¸£«¬¸¹ªº¸ê®Æ¡C






\subsection{¦p¦ó¦b Linux ¤¤±Ò¥Î APM ¤ä´©¥\¯à?}



«D±`Â²³æ¡Ð¥u»Ý­«·s½sÄ¶ Linux ®Ö¤ßµ{¦¡¡C ¦pªG§A¤£ª¾¹D¦p¦ó°µ¡A½Ð¾\Åª
Kernel-HOWTO¡C



·í«Øºc¤â½Z°õ¦æ¨ì ``character  devices'' ³o­Ó¦a¤è®É¡A ¦b®Ö¤ß 2.0.30
ª© (§t ) ¥H¤W¹ï©ó§¹¾ãªº apm bios ¤ä´©³]©w¦p¤U:



\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
Advanced Power Management BIOS support: Yes
Ignore USER SUSPEND: No
Enable PM at boot time: Yes
Make CPU Idle calls when idle: Yes
Enable console blanking using APM: Yes
Power off on shutdown: Yes
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}




½Ð¾\Åª«Øºc¤â½Zªº»²§U¤å¥ó¡CùØ­±¦³»¡¨ì­þ­Ó¿ï¶µ¬O°µÔ£»ò¥Îªº²Ó¸`¡A©Ò¥H
¦b³o¨à§Ú´N¤£¦AÂØ­z¤F¡C



¦pªG§Aªº¨t²Î¨Ã¨S¦³§¹¾ã¦a¤ä´© apm bios ªº¼Ð·Ç¡A¿ï¶µ¤¤¦³¨Ç¶µ¥Ø¥i¯à·|
Åý§Aªº¨t²Î·í¾÷¡C §A¥i´ú¸Õ©Ò¦³ªº apm ¯SÂI»P·sªº®Ö¤ßªº°t¦Xª¬ªp¡A³o¼Ë
§Y¥i½T©w¬O§_©Ò¦³À³¸Ó¦³ªº³£¥i¥¿±`¤u§@¤F¡C



(\label{sidenoteaboutconsoleblanking} * ³Æµù * Ãö©ó±±¨î¥xÅÜ¦¨
ªÅ¥Õ: David Bateman §i¶D§Ú»¡¡A ¦b¨Ï¥Î XFree 3.2 ª©®É¤d¸U¤£­n±N¥¦¥´
¶}:
`` ¥¦ªº¯gª¬¬O·í X ±Ò°Ê®É¾ã­Ó¿Ã¹õ·|ÅÜ¦¨ªÅ¥Õ¡A³q±`¥u­n«ö­ÓÁä§Y¥i­×²z
³o­Óª¬ªp¡C ³o¬O­Ó«Ü¤p¦ý«Ü°Q¤H¹½ªº°ÝÃD¡C¤U¤@ª©ªº XFree ±N·|¹ï«Ü¦hªº
µ§°O¹q¸£ªº´¹¤ù¦³«Ü¦nªº DPMS ¤ä´©¡A ¨ä¤¤À³¸Ó¥]¸ÜÃö±¼ LCD ªºµ{¦¡½X¡C
§A¥i¬d¬d¬Ý¦b XFree 3.2A ¤º¦³Ãö©ó {\ttfamily xset} ªº man ­¶¡CDavid ÁÙ»¡§A
ªº¿Ã¹õªº­I¥ú¤§¹Ø©R§¹¥þ¨ú¨M©ó¥¦³Q¶}Ãöªº¦¸¼Æ¦h¹è: `` ³o´N¬O¹q¦À¹Ø©R
»P¿Ã¹õ­I¥ú¹Ø©R¤§¶¡³½»Pºµ´xµLªk­Ý±oªº¨Æ¤F¡C'')



({\itshape  ­q¥¿:\/} ¨Ï¥Î XFree 3.3 ®É³o­Ó°ÝÃD¤´¦b§Úªºµ§°O¹q¸£¤Wµo¥Í¡C¦³¤H
§i¶D§Ú¥H«áªº®Ö¤ßª©¥»´N·|­×¥¿³o­Ó°ÝÃD¤F¡C)






\subsection{APM ¤ä´©¥H¤Î PCMCIA ÅX°Êµ{¦¡ }



¦b­«·s½sÄ¶®Ö¤ß¤§«á¡A ½Ð¤Å§Ñ°O­«·s½sÄ¶  Linux ªº pcmcia  ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡C



¤j³¡¥÷ÀHµÛ Linux ¨ÑÀ³°Óª©¥»©Òªþªº½sÄ¶«eªº  pcmcia ÅX°Êµ{¦¡³£§â¹ï©ó
apm ªº¤ä´©µ¹Ãö³¬¡A¦]¦¹ bios ´NµLªk¥s§Aªº¤¶­±¥d±N¤§Ãö³¬ªº¡C 



¥t¥~¡A¦pªG§A¤É¯Å¤F·sªº®Ö¤ßª©¥»¦Ó§AªºÂÂ®Ö¤ß¬O»P¼Ò²Õª©¥»¸ê°T³o¶µ¥´¶}
®É³Q½sÄ¶ªº (³o­Ó¿ï¶µ¥i¦b®Ö¤ß«Øºcªº  ``loadable  module support( ¥i
¸ü¤J¼Ò²Õ¤ä´©'' ¤@³¹¤¤§ä¨ì )¡C



½Ð¾\Åª PCMCIA-HOWTO¡AùØÀY¦³Ãö©ó¦p¦ó½sÄ¶ÅX°Êµ{¦¡ªº«ü¤Þ©Î¬O¨ì
{\ttfamily \onlynameurl{http://hyper.stanford.edu/HyperNews/get/pcmcia/home.html}} ªº {\itshape Linux PCMCIA drivers homepage\/} ºô­¶¤¤´M§ä¡C






\subsection{apmd ®M¥ó}



²{¦b§A¤w¸g¦w¸Ë¤F APM ¤ä´©¤F¡A½Ð¨ì {\itshape Linux APM drivers page\/} ºô­¶
¤¤§â {\ttfamily apmd} ®M¥ó§ì¨ú¤U¨Ó¡C §A¤]³\¨Ã¤£»Ý­n¥¦¡A¦ý¬O­Ó¦n¥Îµ{¦¡ªº¶°
µ²¡C{\ttfamily apmd} ºëÆF·|°O¿ý§Aªº¹q¦Àªº²ß©Ê¨Ã¥BÁÙ·|¦b¹qÀ£§C®É¶]¥X¨ÓÄµ§i
§A¡C{\ttfamily apm} ©R¥O·|¨Ï¥Î¤@­Ó shell ©R¥O¨ÓÄa¸m§Aªº¨t²Î¡A¦Ó {\ttfamily xapm}
·|Åã¥Ü¥X§Aªº¹q¦Àªºª¬ºA¡C



(¶¶±a¤@´£¡A ¦pªG§Aªº pcmcia ¥d±qÄa¸mª¬ºA¤U¦^ÂÐ®É¦³°ÝÃD¡A§A¥i¥H¬d¬Ý
¬Ý¥t¤@­Ó´À¥N   {\ttfamily apmd}   ®M¥óªºµ{¦¡¦b  {\ttfamily \onlynameurl{http://www.cut.de/bkr/linux/apmd/apmd.html}}
¤º¡C¥¦·|¦b¨t²ÎÄa¸m«e§â pcmcia ÅX°Êµ{¦¡¨ø¤U¡A¦Ó¦b«ì´_®É±N³o¨Ç¼Ò²Õ­«
¸ü¤J¡C)



Grant Taylor ª±¤F¤@°}¤l {\ttfamily apmd}  ®M¥ó¡A ¥L¦³¤@¨Ç¦³§U¯qªº¤p¯µ³Z¡C



¥Lµo²{¥Lªºµ§°O¹q¸£ªº±qÄa¸m¦^´_®É¡A  µwºÐ·|§Ñ¤F¥¦¦Û¤w¦b  {\ttfamily hdparm
-S} ªº«Ý©R®É¶¡: `` ¨C¦¸¦^´_®É§Ú·|­×§ï {\ttfamily apmd} ¨Ó­«·s³]©w³o­Ó³]©w
¡C³o¤]³\¬O¦b¯S©w¨t²Î¤W¤~·|µo¥Í¡A¦ý³o»ò°µ¬O«Ü­«­nªº......''



(³Æµù: ¦b§Úªºµ§°O¹q¸£¤W¡Abios ­t³dµwºÐªº«Ý©R¥H¤Î«ì´_­ì¥»ªº¼Æ¾Ú¡A©Ò
¥H§ÚµLªk´ú¸Õ¬O§_³o­Ó¤p°ÝÃD¬O¨t²Î¯S©wªº¡C¦pªG³o­Ó¤p°ÝÃD§A¤]¹J¨ì¡A½Ð
µ¹§Ú­Ó°T®§§a¡C )



Grant ÁÙ¦³­Ó«Ü´Îªº¤p¯µ³Z¥i¨Ï¥Î \ref{TheXFree86package} {(XFree86 ®M¥ó )}
¥H¤Î {\ttfamily apmd} ®M¥óªº¨ó§UÅý¿Ã¹õÅÜªÅ¥Õ¡A§A¥i¥H¦b¨º¨à§ä¨ì¡C






\subsection{¦pªG§Úªºµ§°O¹q¸£¤£¤ä´© APM ªº¸Ü?}



¦pªG§Aªº¹q¸£ªº bios ¨Ã¤£¤ä´©¥ô¦óªº¸`¬Ù¯à·½ªº³]©w (´Nºâ¬O«ÜÂÂ«¬¥B¨S
¦³ apm ¤ä´©ªº¦Ü¤Ö¤]¥i¥H³]©w¥iÅýµwºÐ¥H¤Î¿Ã¹õ°µ«Ý©Rª¬ºA )¡A §A¥i¥H¨Ï
¥Î {\ttfamily hdparm -S} ¨Ó©w¸q§AªºµwºÐªº«Ý©R®É¶¡¡C³o¼Ë´N«Ü¦³À°§U¤F¡A¦]¬°
µwºÐªº°Ê§@¬O­nªá¶O³\¦h¹q¤Oªº¡C §Aªº¨t²ÎÀ³¸Ó­n¦w¸Ë {\ttfamily hdparm} ¡A¦]
¦¹½Ð¨Ï¥Î {\ttfamily man hdparm} ¨ÓÅª¤@Åª³o­Ó©R¥Oªº»yªk¡C






\section{§ïÅÜ¬Y¨Ç¤@¯ëªº¨t²Î³]©w  \label{Changingsomegeneralsystemsettings}}



¦b§Ú®³¨ì Linux ¨Ã¦b§Úªºµ§°O¹q¸£¤W¦w¸Ë¡B°õ¦æ«á¡A §ÚµoÄ±¥¦·|¨C´X¬í´N
·|¦s¨ú¤@¦¸µwºÐ¡A´Nºâ¨Ã¨S¦³¥ô¦óªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌÃ±¤J¨t²Î¤º! ³o´N¬OµwºÐ¥i¯à´N
±q¨S¦³¶i¤J¥¦ªº¯à·½¬Ù¹q¼Ò¦¡¡C¯à°÷´î¤ÖµwºÐªº°Ê§@ªº¸Ü´N¥i¥H«Ü©úÅã¦a¼W
¥[¹q¦Àªº¨Ï¥Î®É¶¡¡A¥H¤U¬O§Ú©Ò»`¶°ªº°t¤è¡C 



§Ú¨Ï¥Î RedHat 4.1 ´ú¸Õ¤F©Ò¦³ªº¤èªk¡A¦³¨Ç«Øºc³]©wªº¦a¤è¥i¯à·|»P§A©Ò
¨Ï¥Îªº Linux ¨ÑÀ³ª©¥»¤£¦P¡C(¦pªG¯u¦p¦¹¡A½Ð±zÅý§Úª¾¹D¡C)






\subsection{crond ºëÆF»P atrunºëÆF}



½ÐÀË¬d§Aªº {\ttfamily /etc/crontab}  ÀÉ®×¬Ý¬Ý¬O§_¥¦·|¦b¨C¤ÀÄÁ°Ê§@¤@¦¸
¡C§A·|¬Ý¨ì {\ttfamily atrun} ±`·|¥X²{¦bùØ­±¡C



¨Ï¥Î {\ttfamily at} ©R¥O¥i¥HÅý§A±N¥¼¨Ó­n°µªº©R¥O©ñ¦b©R¥O°±«Ý°Ï¤º¡A ®É¶¡¨ì
¤F´N·|°õ¦æ¥¦­Ì¡C ¦³¨Ç Linux ¨t²Î¨Ï¥Î¦Û­qªº {\ttfamily atd} ºëîú¨Ó°µ³o­Ó¤u
§@¡A ¨ä¥Lªº (¨Ò¦p RedHat) Åý {\ttfamily crond}  ºëÆF¨C¤ÀÄÁ°õ¦æ {\ttfamily atrun}
¤@¦¸¡C



¤j³¡¥÷ªº¨t²Î¤W¬O§_»Ý¦p¦¹°µªº¡A ¦]¬° {\ttfamily at} ©R¥O«Ü¤Ö·|¨Ì¿à¤@©wªº®É
¶¡¤º³Q°õ¦æ¡A ¦]¦¹¦pªG§A¦b§Aªº {\ttfamily /etc/crontab} ÀÉ®×¤ºµo²{¤U­±
³o¦æ:

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
# Run any at jobs every minute
* * * * * root [ -x /usr/sbin/atrun ] && /usr/sbin/atrun
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}




§A´N¥i¥H¦w¥þ¦a§â¥¦§ï¦¨:

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
# Run any at jobs every hour
00 * * * * root [ -x /usr/sbin/atrun ] && /usr/sbin/atrun
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}




²Ó¸`½Ð¾\Åª {\ttfamily man 5 crontab}¡C ¦³¨Ç¤H´Nºâ¦b¨S¦³°õ¦æ {\ttfamily crond} ºë
ÆF¤UÁÙ¬O¥i¥H°Ê§@¡A¦]¦¹¦pªG§Aª¾¹D§A¦b°µ¤°»ò¡A§A¥i¥H¦Ò¼{§¹¥þ¦a§â¥¦µ¹
Ãö³¬±¼¡C






\subsection{update  / bdflush ºëÆF}



Linux ¦b¥ô¦ó®É­Ô³£¦b³B²zµÛ«Ü¦hªº¤w¶}±ÒÀÉ®×ªº½w½Ä°Ï¡A¨Ó°µ¨t²Î«Ü½T»{
ÀÉ®×¦³¥ô¦ó§ïÅÜ®É¯à°÷·U§Ö¦sÀÉ·U¦n¡A¤£µMµ¥¨ì¨t²Î·í¾÷®É¤w°µªº§ïÅÜ´N·|
¤£¨£¤F¡C



{\ttfamily update} / {\ttfamily bdflush} ºëÆF´N¬O¥Î¨Ó·ÓÅU³o¥ó®Éªº¡C(³o¬O¦P¤@­Óµ{
¦¡ªº¨â­Ó¦W¦r¡A ¦]¦¹§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î¨â­Ó¨ä¤¤ªº¤@­Ó¦W¦r¨Ó±Ò°Ê³o­ÓºëÆF¡C )
­ì¨Óªº³]©w·|Åý³o­ÓºëÆF¨C 5 ¬íÄÁ©I¥s {\ttfamily flush} ¥H¤Î¨C 30 ¬íÄÁ©I¥s
{\ttfamily sync} ¤@¦¸¡C



¦b§Úªº Fujitsu ´I¤h³qºÏºÐ¤W·|³y¦¨¤£°±ªº¦s¨ú¡C(¦n¹³³o­ÓµwºÐ´Nºâ¸ò¥»
¤°»ò¤]¨S§ïÅÜªºª¬ªp¤U·|±N¥¦ªº°O¾ÐÅé§Ö¨úµ¹²M°£±¼¡C¦ý³o­n¬Ý§AªºµwºÐªº
°bÅé: ¦³¨ÇªB¤Í§i¶D§Ú»¡´Nºâ¨S¦³°µ¹³¤U­±¨º¼Ëªº­×§ï¥L­ÌªºµwºÐÁÙ¬O¥i¥H
¶i¤J¥»¨­ªº¬Ù¹q¼Ò¦¡¤U¡C)



¦]¬° Linux  ¨Ã¹³¥H«e¨º¼Ë±`·í¾÷¤F¡A §Ú´N±N¨â­Ó¼Æ­È³£§ï¦¨¬°  3600 ¬í
(=1 ¤p®É )¡C³o¼Ë¤@ÂI¤]¤£·|³y¦¨¥ô¦ó°ÝÃD¡A¦Ó¥B­ì¥»±`·|¦³ªººÏºÐ¦s¨ú°Ê
§@´N°±¤î¤F¡C (¦ý¬O¦pªG§Úªº¨t²Î²{¦b·í¾÷¤F¡A·íµM¤@©w·|¦³³\¦h¯}·lªºÀÉ
®×¤F¡C)



RedHat 4.1: ¦b {\ttfamily /etc/inittab} ¤º¡A±N update ©I¥s§ï¦¨:

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
ud::once:/sbin/update -s 3600 -f 3600
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}




Suse 4.4.1: {\ttfamily update} is called in {\ttfamily /sbin/init.d/boot}.



Slackware: {\ttfamily update} is called in {\ttfamily /etc/rc.d/rc.S}.



See {\ttfamily man update} for details.






\subsection{syslogd ºëÆF}



{\ttfamily syslogd} ºëÆF­t³d«Ü¦h¦b {\ttfamily /var/log/} ¥Ø¿ý¤º¥i§ä¨ìªº
Linux ¨t²Î¤é»xÀÉ®×¡C­ì©w {\ttfamily syslogd} ·|¦b¨C¦¸¦³¨t²Î°T®§³Q°O¿ý®É¦P
¨B¦s¨ì¤é»xÀÉ®×¤º¡C



§A¥i¥H¦b {\ttfamily /etc/syslog.conf} ¤º¨Ï¥Î±×¸¹ / ±µ¦bÀÉ®×¦WºÙ«e±N³o
­Ó¥\¯àÃö³¬¡C¥H¤U¬O§Ú¦b§Úªº¨t²Î¤º§ä¨ìªº {\ttfamily syslog.conf}¨Ò¤l:

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
# Log anything (except mail) of level info or higher.
# Don't log private authentication messages!
*.info;mail.none;authpriv.none -/var/log/messages
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}




¦P¼Ëªº¡A¦pªG·í¨t²Î·í¾÷®É¡A°ÝÃD°T®§¬O¤£·|³Q¦s¨ìºÏºÐ¤ºªº¡CDilemma...






\subsection{init ©R¥O}



¦b¶}¾÷®É¡A ªì©l®Éªº³B²zµ{¦¡¥H¤ÎºëÆF­Ì¬O¸g¥Ñ {\ttfamily init} ©R¥O¨Ó¶}©l°õ
¦æªº¡C³o­Ó©R¥O (¤S¬O¥¦ ) ¦b¨C¦¸¥¦©Ò«Ø¥ßªº³B²zµ{¦¡«e·|©I¥s {\ttfamily sync}¡C



§A¥i¥H¦b­ì©lµ{¦¡½X¤¤±N³o­Ó {\ttfamily sync() } ©I¥sµ¹²¾¨«¡AµM«á¦A­«·s½sÄ¶
¥¦¡C



­nÁ×§Kµo¥ÍÀÉ®×½w½Ä¿ò¥¢ªº°ÝÃD¡A§AÀ³¸Ó¦b§Aªº¨t²Îªº
{\ttfamily /etc/rc.d/init.d/halt} ©R¥O¤â½Z¤º¦b¨ø¤UÀÉ®×¨t²Î«e¥[¤W¹ï
{\ttfamily sync} ªº©I¥s¡C






\subsection{swap ºÏ°Ï}



Linux swap ºÏ°Ï¬O¥Î¨Ó¥HµêÀÀ°O¾ÐÅéªº¤è¦¡¨Ó¼W¥[¹êÅé°O¾ÐÅéªºªÅ¶¡¡C ³o
¤]¬OµwºÐ·|¦s¨úªº¥i¯à­ì¦]¡C¦pªG§Aªºµ§°O¹q¸£¤w¸g¦³³\¦h°ÊºA°O¾ÐÅé RAM
¤F©Î¬O§A¨Ï¥Î«ÜÂ²³æªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡ (·Q¨ì {\ttfamily vi})¡A ±z¥i¥H¦Ò¼{§â¥¦µ¹Ãö³¬
¡C

³o·íµM­n¬Ý§A¥´ºâ°µ¤°»ò¡C4 ¨ì 8 MB ¨Ã¤£¨¬°÷¡A³o®É§A¸Ó¨Ï¥Î swap ºÏ°Ï
¡C¦³ 8 ¨ì 16 MB ®É¡A¤å¦rµe­±¦¡ªºÀ³¥Îµ{¦¡¥i¥H«Ü¦n¦a¤u§@¡A¦pªG§A¯àÁ×
§K¨Ï¥Î¤Ó¦hªº¦h¤u¥\¯à¡A §A¥i¥H¦w¥þ¦a§â swap ¥\¯àµ¹Ãö±¼¡C  X-Windows
Àô¹Ò»Ý­n«Ü¦hªº°ÊºA°O¾ÐÅé¡A§A³Ì¦n¤£­n¦b¨S¦³ swap ¤U¨Ï¥Î¥¦¡A°£«D§A¦³
16MB ¥H¤W¡C

(ªþµù: §Ú¨º¥x¦³  16  MB ªºµ§°O¹q¸£¦bÃö³¬  swap  ºÏ°Ï¤U¥i¥H°õ¦æ¤@­Ó
{\ttfamily emacs} ¤u§@¡B 4 ­Ó {\ttfamily bash} shells ÁÙ¦³½sÄ¶¤@­Ó®Ö¤ß³£¨S¦³µo¥Í
°O¾ÐÅé¤£°÷ªº±¡ªp¡C³o¹ï§Ú¨Ó»¡´N°÷¤F¡C)



¦pªG§A¤w¸g¦w¸Ë swap ºÏ°Ï¤F¡A§A¥i¥H¦b {\ttfamily /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit}
¤ºªº {\ttfamily swapon} ©R¥O«e¥[­Ó hash ²Å¸¹§Y¥i§â¥¦µ¹Ãö³¬¡C ¦pªG§A¤£·Q§â
¥¦¥Ã»·¦a²¾°£¡A¨º´NÅý¨t²Î¦b¶}¾÷®É°Ý§A¬O§_­n¨Ï¥Î swap ºÏ°Ï¡C¦b
{\ttfamily /etc/rc.d/rc.sysinit} (RedHat 4.1) ©Î
{\ttfamily /sbin/init.d/boot} (Suse 4.4.1)ùØÀY:

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
echo "Should the system use swap?"
echo "  0: No."
echo "  1: Yes."
/bin/echo "Your choice: \c"
read SWAPCHOICE

case "$SWAPCHOICE" in
    0)
        # Do nothing.
        echo "(Swap partitions disabled)"
        ;;
    *)
        # Start up swapping.
        echo "Activating swap partitions"
        swapon -a
esac
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}




¨º»ò§A´N¥i¥H¦b¨Ï¥Î¥æ¬y¹q·½®É¶}±Ò swap ºÏ°Ï¡A¦Ó¨Ï¥Î¹q¦À¬O´N·|Ãö³¬¨¥
³o¥\¯à¡C






\subsection{apache httpd ºô­¶¦øªA¾¹ºëÆF }



§Ú¨Ï¥Î§Úªºµ§°O¹q¸£¨Óµo®i¡B´ú¸Õµ¹ºô¯¸¨Ï¥Îªº cgi ©R¥O¤â½Z¡A ³o¤]´N¬O
¬°¤°»ò§Ú¦b¥¦¤W­±¬[¤F­Ó°Ï°ìºô¯¸ªº­ì¦]¡C¦pªG§A³Ì·Q°µªº¥u¬O¦³®É­Ô¥Î¨Ó
´ú¸Õ¤@­Ó©R¥O¤â½Z©Î¬OÀË¬d¬Y­Óºô­¶¦Ó¤w¡A¨º»ò¼Ð·Çªº«Øºc¦ü¥G¬O¤Ó¦h¤F¡C



¦b {\ttfamily httpd.conf} ùØ¡A¥u­n§â {\ttfamily MinSpareServers} ¥H¤Î
{\ttfamily StartServers} ªº­È§ï¦¨ {\ttfamily 1}¡C ³o¹ï¥»¦aºÝªº´ú¸Õ¯¸¤w¸g«Ü°÷¤F¡C



¦pªG§A·QÃö³¬ºô¯¸¦øªA¾¹ªºÃ±¤J¡A§A¥²¶·­«·s½sÄ¶ {\ttfamily httpd} ºëÆF¡A²Ó¸`
½Ð¾\Åª¤å¥ó¡C 



Grant Taylor ­«·s½sÄ¶¤F apache ªºÃ±¤J«áµoÄ±³o¼Ë¤l  `` ¨Ã¤£·|Åý¥¦°±
¤î churning  ºÏºÐ¡C ©Ò¥H§Ú¨Ï¥Î¥t¤@­Ó¡A IMHO ¤ñ¸û¦nªº¸Ñ¨M¤èªk: §Ú§â
apache   «Øºc¦¨±q  inetd  ¨Ó°õ¦æ¨ú¥N­ì¥»¥Ñ¦Û¤v¨Ó¡C  ''  ²Ó¸`½Ð¾\Åª
{\ttfamily man inetd}¡C






\subsection{XFree86 ®M¥ó\label{TheXFree86package}}



¬°µ§°O¹q¸£«Øºc XFree86 ¬O¥t¤@­Ó¸ÜÃD¤F¡A ¦A¦¸¡A§Ú¥²¶·½Ð§A°Ñ¦Ò Linux
µ§°O¹q¸£ºô­¶¡A¦b¨º¨à§A¥i¥H§ä¨ì«Ü¦hªº¨ó§U 



X ªº±±¨î¥x¦bªÅ¥Õ®É¥u·|§â¿Ã¹õÅÜ¦¨¶Â¦â¡A ¦ý¨Ã¤£¬O§â¥¦Ãö±¼¡C ´N¦p¦P¦b
\ref{sidenoteaboutconsoleblanking} {(  ³ÆµùÃö©ó±±¨î¥xÅÜ¦¨ªÅ¥Õ )} ¤¤´£¨ìªº¡A§A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î {\ttfamily xset} ªº dpms ¿ï¶µ¨Ó§ïÅÜ¥¦¡CµM¦Ó¡A³o¶µ
¥\¯à±o¬Ý§Aªºµ§°O¹q¸£ªºÃ¸¹Ï´¹¤ù¥H¤Î bios ¤F.



Grant Taylor ¨Ï¥Î¥H¤Uªº³]©w¥H¤Î {\ttfamily apmd} ©M¿Ã¹õ«OÅ@µ{¦¡ªº¨ó§U¨Ó¶Ç
°e¨Ï¥Lªºµ§°O¹q¸£¶i¤JºÎ¯vª¬ºA¡C

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
# Run xscreensaver with APM program
xscreensaver -timeout 5 \
             -xrm xscreensaver.programs:apm_standby \ 
             -xrm xscreensaver.colorPrograms:apm_standby &
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}




³o­Ó ``{\ttfamily apm\_standby} ¬O­Ó¥u¤¹³\¯S©w¤H¤h¨Ó°õ¦æ {\ttfamily apm -S} ªº
suid perl ¤â½Z¡C''






\subsection{emacs ½s¿èµ{¦¡}



¦nªº¡A  {\ttfamily emacs}  ¨Ã«D¤£¬O­Ó½s¿è¾¹¡A  ¦ý¬O­Ó¥Í¬¡¤è¦¡¡C  ¥H¤U¬O¥Ñ
Florent Chabaud ´£¨Ñªº±K³Z: `` ¦pªG§A¨Ï¥Î {\ttfamily emacs}¡A¤]³\§A¤wµo²{
¨ì³o­Ó½s¿è¾¹·|°µ¦Û°Ê¦sÀÉªº°Ê§@¡A ·íµM³o«Ü¦³¥Î¦Ó¥B¤] {\itshape  ¤£¸Ó \/} §â
¥¦Ãö±¼¡A¦ý­ì¥»¤º©wªº°Ñ¼Æ¥i¥H³Q­×§ï¨Ó°w¹ïµ§°O¹q¸£ªº¨Ï¥Î¡C



§Ú¦b {\ttfamily /usr/share/emacs/site-lisp/site-start.el}  ÀÉ®×¤º¥[¤J
¤F¤U¦C´X¦æ:



\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
(setq auto-save-interval 2500)
(setq auto-save-timeout nil)
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}




³o¼Ë¥i¥HÃö³¬¥H®É¶¡¬°°ò·Çªº¦Û°Ê¦sÀÉ¥\¯à¡A¥H§ï¥H¨C 2500 ¦¸Áä½Lªº°Ê§@
®É¦Û°Ê¦sÀÉ¤@¦¸¡C·íµM¡A¦pªG§A¥¿¦n¦b¥´¤@«ó¤å¥ó®É¡A³Ì«áªº¨º­Ó°Ñ¼ÆÀ³¸Ó
§â¥¦´î¤Ö¡A¦pªG¥¿¦b¼gµ{¦¡¨º»ò¥¦¤w¥iº¡¨¬»Ý¨D¤F¡C¦]¬°¨C¤@­Ó°Ê§@ (¤W¡B
¤U¡B¥ª¡B­Ë°h¡B¶K¡Aµ¥µ¥......) ³£¦C¤J­pºâ¡A 2500 ¦¸«öÁä½L·|«Ü§Ö´N¨ì
¹Fªº¡C''








\subsection{¦p¦ó§ä¥X§ó¦h³Ì¨Î¤Æªº¤èªk}



¦pªG§Aªº Linux ¨t²Î¤´ÂÂ·|±`¥h¦s¨úµwºÐ¡A §A¥i¥H¨Ï¥Î {\ttfamily ps ax} ©R¥O
¨Ó¬Ý¬Ý¤º³¡¨ì©³¬O«ç»ò¤F¡C³o·|Åã¥Ü¥X©Ò¦³¥¿¦b°õ¦æªºµ{¦¡»P¥¦­Ìªº¦WºÙ¡A
¦³®É­Ô¥¦­Ì·|¨q¥X¨C­Ó³B²z¤¤ªºµ{¦¡¤§©R¥O¦C°Ñ¼Æ¡C



²{¦b½Ð¾\Åª¨C­Ó³B²z¤¤ªºµ{¦¡¤§ {\ttfamily man} ­¶¨Ó¤F¸Ñ¥¦­Ì¦b°µÔ£»ò¥H¤Î¦p¦ó
§ïÅÜ¥¦ªº¦æ¬°¡C¥Î³o­Ó¤èªk¡A§A¦ü¥G¥i¥H§ä¨ì¤j³¡¥÷ªº³B²z¤¤µ{¦¡©Ò­t³dªº
¬O¤°»ò¡C§A¥i¯à·|µo²{ {\ttfamily strace} ¬O«Ü¦³À°§Uªº¡C



¦pªG§Aµo²{¦³­þ¨Ç·s¤èªk¡A½Ð§Aµo¹q¤l¶l¥óµ¹§Ú¡C






\section{ªþ¿ý}






\subsection{µ¹ Linux ¨ÑÀ³°Óªº°T®§  \label{AmessagetoLinuxdistributors}}



¦pªG§A­è¦n¬O­Ó Linux ¨ÑÀ³°Ó¡AÁÂÁÂ§AÅª§¹³o­Ó¤å¥ó¡C µ§°O¹q¸£²{¦b¤w·U
¨Ó·U¨üÅwªï¡A ¦ý¨ì²{¦b¤j³¡¥÷ªº Linux ¨ÑÀ³°Óª©µ{¦¡¶°¨Ã¨S¦³¦n¦n¦a¬°¥i
Äâ¦¡¹Bºâ°µ¦n·Ç³Æ¡C½Ð±N³o¥÷¤å¥ó©ñ¤@®Ç¨Ã±N±zªº¨ÑÀ³µ{¦¡¶°¨Ì³o¨Ç¤èªk°µ
ÅÜ§ó¡C



\begin{itemize}
\item ¦w¸Ëªº¨BÆJùØÀ³¸Ó¥]§t¦³¬°µ§°O¹q¸£©Ò°µªº³Ì¨Î¤Æ«Øºc¡A``mimimal
install( ³Ì¤p¦w¸Ë )'' °µªº¨Ã¤£°÷¦n¡CÁÙ¦³«Ü¦hªF¦è¹ïµ§°O¹q¸£ªº¨Ï¥ÎªÌ
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(¦b Suse Linux ¤¤ )¡C ¤j³¡¥÷ªº¥iÄâ¦¡¨t²Î¨Ã¤£»Ý­n¦C¦L¤ä´© (¥¦­Ì±q¤£
·|±µ¤W¦Cªí¾÷¡A¦C¦Lªº¤u§@³q±`³£¬O¦b®aùØ¨Ï¥Î®à¤W¨t²Î®É¨Ó°µ¡C) Ä¶ªÌ«ö
: ¨Ã¤£ºÉµM¦p¦¹¡C¦³¨Çµ§°O¹q¸£¤@ÂI¤]¤£»Ý­n¥ô¦óªººô¸ô¤ä´©¡C



\item ½Ð¤£­n§Ñ°O»¡©ú¦bµ§°O¹q¸£¤W¦w¸Ë®É¯S¦³ªº°ÝÃD¡C¨Ò¦p¡A¦p¦ó¦b¨S¦³¥úºÐ¾÷
®É¦w¸Ë§Aªº¨ÑÀ³ª©¥»¡A ©Î¬O¦pªG¦w¸Ë plip ºô¸ôÅX°Êµ{¦¡¡C



\item ¼W¥[§ó¦nªº¯à·½ºÞ²z¥\¯à¥H¤ÎµLÁ_ªº    pcmcia    ¤ä´©¨ì±zªº¨ÑÀ³ª©¤W¡C
¼W¦C¤@­Ó¤w½sÄ¶¦nªº®Ö¤ß¥H¤Î¤@­Ó´À¥Nªº¦³  apm ¤ä´©ªº pcmcia ÅX°Êµ{¦¡
¨Óµ¹¨Ï¥ÎªÌ¦b»Ý­n®É¦w¸Ë¨Ï¥Î¡C ¥]§t¤@­Ó¤w½sÄ¶¦nªº {\ttfamily apmd} ®M¥ó¨ì§A
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\item ¼W¥[¹ï°ÊºA¤Á´«ºô¸ô«Øºcªº¤ä´©¡C ¤j³¡¥÷ªº Linux µ§°O¹q¸£·|¦b®È¦æ¶¡ªº
¤£¦P¦a¤è¨Ï¥Î¤£¤@¼Ëªººô¸ô³]©w (¨Ò¦p¡A¦b®aùØ¨Ï¥Î¡B¦b¿ì¤½«Ç¨Ï¥Î¡B¦b¾Ç
®Õ¨Ï¥Îªººô¸ô ) ³£¥²¶·¸g±`§ïÅÜºô¸ôªºÃÑ§O¦WºÙ¡C ¦b¤j³¡¥÷ªº¨ÑÀ³°Óªºª©
¥»ùØ§ïÅÜ Linux ¨t²Îªººô¸ôÃÑ§O¦WºÙ¬O¥ó«Üµh­Wªº¨Æ¡C



\end{itemize}


½Ð±z§i¶D§Ú¤@Án¦pªG±zªº¨ÑÀ³ª©¥»¤w¹ï¥iÄâ¦¡¹Bºâ°µ³Ì¨Î¤Æªº¤ä´©¡AÁÙ¦³±z
¥[¤F­þ¨Ç¥\¯à¤F¡C ¥» HOWTO ¤å¥óªº¥¼¨Óª©¥»±N·|¥[¤W¤@­Ó±z¥i¥H¤j¤O¼s§i
±zªº¨ÑÀ³ª©¥»¹ïµ§°O¹q¸£©Ò°µªº¯S§O¥\¯à¡C






\subsection{·PÁÂ\label{credits}}



\begin{itemize}
\item ¦³Ãö©ó¹q¦À§Þ³Nªº¸ê°T¤j³¡¥÷¨Ó¦Û  Michael  Reiter  ¥ý¥Í¥Zµn¦b  ``c't
Magazin fuer Computertechnik''{[}c't ¹q¸£¬ì§ÞÂø»x {]} (Heise Verlag ¼w
°êº~¿Õ«Â ), 10/96 ª©, ²Ä 204 ­¶¤ºªº ``Stromkonserve'' ³o½g¤å¥ó¡A¤w
³Q¤¹³\ºK¿ý¡C±z¥i«ô³X¥L­Ìªººô¯¸¡A¦b {\ttfamily \onlynameurl{http://www.heise.de/}}¡C



\item ¤U­±©Ò¦Cªº¹ï¥»¤å³¹¦³°^ÄmªºªB¤Í­Ì:

\begin{tscreen}
\begin{verbatim}
Frithjof Anders <anders@goethe.ucdavis.edu>
David Bateman <dbateman@ee.uts.edu.au>
Florent Chabaud <chabaud@celar.fr>
Markus Gutschke <gutschk@uni-muenster.de>
Kenneth E. Harker <kharker@cs.utexas.edu>
Bjoern Kriews <bkr@rrz.uni-hamburg.de>
R. Manmatha <manmatha@bendigo.cs.umass.edu>
Juergen Rink <jr@ct.heise.de>
Grant Taylor <gtaylor@picante.com>
James Youngman <JYoungman@vggas.com>
\end{verbatim}
\end{tscreen}




\end{itemize}





\subsection{Ãö©ó³o¥÷¤å¥ó}



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«H¨ì{\ttfamily \onlynameurl{linuxer.bbs@cis.nctu.edu.tw}}
µ¹§Ú¡A¥H°µ­×¥¿¡AÁÂÁÂ±z!



\end{document}
