BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual
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# BIND 9 Administrator Reference Manual

BIND Version 9.11.1

Copyright © 2000-2016 Internet Systems Consortium, Inc. ("ISC")

Table of Contents

1. Introduction
  Scope of Document
  Organization of This Document
  Conventions Used in This Document
  The Domain Name System (DNS)
    DNS Fundamentals
    Domains and Domain Names
    Zones
    Authoritative Name Servers
    Caching Name Servers
    Name Servers in Multiple Roles
2. BIND Resource Requirements
  Hardware requirements
  CPU Requirements
  Memory Requirements
  Name Server Intensive Environment Issues
  Supported Operating Systems
3. Name Server Configuration
  Sample Configurations
    A Caching-only Name Server
    An Authoritative-only Name Server
  Load Balancing
  Name Server Operations
    Tools for Use With the Name Server Daemon
    Signals
4. Advanced DNS Features
  Notify
  Dynamic Update
    The journal file
  Incremental Zone Transfers (IXFR)
  Split DNS
    Example split DNS setup
  TSIG
    Generating a Shared Key
    Loading A New Key
    Instructing the Server to Use a Key
    TSIG-Based Access Control
    Errors
  TKEY
  SIG(0)
  DNSSEC
    Generating Keys
    Signing the Zone
    Configuring Servers
  DNSSEC, Dynamic Zones, and Automatic Signing
    Converting from insecure to secure
    Dynamic DNS update method
    Fully automatic zone signing
    Private-type records
    DNSKEY rollovers
    Dynamic DNS update method
    Automatic key rollovers
    NSEC3PARAM rollovers via UPDATE
    Converting from NSEC to NSEC3
    Converting from NSEC3 to NSEC
    Converting from secure to insecure
    Periodic re-signing
    NSEC3 and OPTOUT
  Dynamic Trust Anchor Management
    Validating Resolver
    Authoritative Server
  PKCS#11 (Cryptoki) support
    Prerequisites
    Native PKCS#11
    OpenSSL-based PKCS#11
    PKCS#11 Tools
    Using the HSM
    Specifying the engine on the command line
    Running named with automatic zone re-signing
  DLZ (Dynamically Loadable Zones)
    Configuring DLZ
    Sample DLZ Driver
  DynDB (Dynamic Database)
    Configuring DynDB
    Sample DynDB Module
  Catalog Zones
    Principle of Operation
    Configuring Catalog Zones
    Catalog Zone format
  IPv6 Support in BIND 9
    Address Lookups Using AAAA Records
    Address to Name Lookups Using Nibble Format
5. The BIND 9 Lightweight Resolver
  The Lightweight Resolver Library
  Running a Resolver Daemon
6. BIND 9 Configuration Reference
  Configuration File Elements
    Address Match Lists
    Comment Syntax
  Configuration File Grammar
    acl Statement Grammar
    acl Statement Definition and Usage
    controls Statement Grammar
    controls Statement Definition and Usage
    include Statement Grammar
    include Statement Definition and Usage
    key Statement Grammar
    key Statement Definition and Usage
    logging Statement Grammar
    logging Statement Definition and Usage
    lwres Statement Grammar
    lwres Statement Definition and Usage
    masters Statement Grammar
    masters Statement Definition and Usage
    options Statement Grammar
    options Statement Definition and Usage
    server Statement Grammar
    server Statement Definition and Usage
    statistics-channels Statement Grammar
    statistics-channels Statement Definition and Usage
    trusted-keys Statement Grammar
    trusted-keys Statement Definition and Usage
    managed-keys Statement Grammar
    managed-keys Statement Definition and Usage
    view Statement Grammar
    view Statement Definition and Usage
    zone Statement Grammar
    zone Statement Definition and Usage
  Zone File
    Types of Resource Records and When to Use Them
    Discussion of MX Records
    Setting TTLs
    Inverse Mapping in IPv4
    Other Zone File Directives
    BIND Master File Extension: the $GENERATE Directive
    Additional File Formats
  BIND9 Statistics
    The Statistics File
    Statistics Counters
7. BIND 9 Security Considerations
  Access Control Lists
  Chroot and Setuid
    The chroot Environment
    Using the setuid Function
  Dynamic Update Security
8. Troubleshooting
  Common Problems
    It's not working; how can I figure out what's wrong?
  Incrementing and Changing the Serial Number
  Where Can I Get Help?
A. Release Notes
  Release Notes for BIND Version 9.11.1
    Introduction
    Download
    New DNSSEC Root Key
    License Change
    Security Fixes
    Feature Changes
    Bug Fixes
    Maintenance
    Miscellaneous Notes
    End of Life
    Thank You
B. A Brief History of the DNS and BIND
C. General DNS Reference Information
  IPv6 addresses (AAAA)
  Bibliography (and Suggested Reading)
    Request for Comments (RFCs)
    Internet Drafts
    Other Documents About BIND
D. BIND 9 DNS Library Support
  BIND 9 DNS Library Support
    Prerequisite
    Compilation
    Installation
    Known Defects/Restrictions
    The dns.conf File
    Sample Applications
    Library References
I. Manual pages
  dig — DNS lookup utility
  mdig — DNS pipelined lookup utility
  host — DNS lookup utility
  delv — DNS lookup and validation utility
  nslookup — query Internet name servers interactively
  dnssec-checkds — DNSSEC delegation consistency checking tool
  dnssec-coverage — checks future DNSKEY coverage for a zone
  dnssec-dsfromkey — DNSSEC DS RR generation tool
  dnssec-importkey — import DNSKEY records from external systems so they can be managed
  dnssec-keyfromlabel — DNSSEC key generation tool
  dnssec-keygen — DNSSEC key generation tool
  dnssec-keymgr — Ensures correct DNSKEY coverage for a zone based on a defined policy
  dnssec-revoke — set the REVOKED bit on a DNSSEC key
  dnssec-settime — set the key timing metadata for a DNSSEC key
  dnssec-signzone — DNSSEC zone signing tool
  dnssec-verify — DNSSEC zone verification tool
  lwresd — lightweight resolver daemon
  named — Internet domain name server
  `named.conf` — configuration file for named
  named-checkconf — named configuration file syntax checking tool
  named-checkzone — zone file validity checking or converting tool
  named-journalprint — print zone journal in human-readable form
  named-nzd2nzf — Convert an NZD database to NZF text format
  named-rrchecker — syntax checker for individual DNS resource records
  nsupdate — Dynamic DNS update utility
  rndc — name server control utility
  `rndc.conf` — rndc configuration file
  rndc-confgen — rndc key generation tool
  ddns-confgen — ddns key generation tool
  arpaname — translate IP addresses to the corresponding ARPA names
  dnstap-read — print dnstap data in human-readable form
  genrandom — generate a file containing random data
  isc-hmac-fixup — fixes HMAC keys generated by older versions of BIND
  nsec3hash — generate NSEC3 hash
  pkcs11-destroy — destroy PKCS#11 objects
  pkcs11-list — list PKCS#11 objects
  pkcs11-keygen — generate keys on a PKCS#11 device
  pkcs11-tokens — list PKCS#11 available tokens

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|  | Chapter 1. Introduction

BIND 9.11.1